Terrorist Essays - Terrorism, Definitions Of Terrorism,

Psychological oppressor The Good, the Bad, the Terrorist? Psychological oppression essentially is hard to characterize. Demonstrations of psychological oppression invoke passionate reactions in the casualties just as in the experts. No two essayists concede to what is fear mongering. Indeed, even the U.S. government can't concede to one single definition. The familiar saying, One man's fear monger is another man's political dissident is as yet fit as a fiddle today (Terrorism Research Center: Definitions 1). Albeit numerous individuals accept that psychological oppression is shrewd, it is simply misconstrued in light of the fact that there is no set definition. Fear based oppressor are dependable to the greater part of the opportunity developments in each nation. Psychological oppressor have utilized savagery to express what is on their mind to the general population. These demonstrations are regularly essential for the accomplishment of the development or cause. The utilization of this savagery can be supported in a few different ways. You can't make an omelet without breaking a few eggs has been utilized by fear based oppressor to portray their activities. Psychological oppression has been utilized by governments and against them. It has been utilized as a feature of a crusade by guerrillas who have across the board support and by little gatherings. Psychological oppression has been utilized in social orders where complaints can be communicated uninhibitedly and where free discourse is stifled. In an efficient guerrilla crusade, for instance, the principle objective may be to devastate the legislatures military powers. The viciousness is constrained to acts which will accomplish that objective. This may be crushing a production line which i s making arms, or putting down and out piece of the administration armed force, or besieging a landing strip with the goal that it can't be utilized by government airplane. Now and again, the utilization of psychological oppression gives off an impression of being a response to the breaking down of lawfulness. A steady society has ordinarily advanced quiet methods of maintaining control and taking care of questions between its individuals without savagery. When peace separates, as they do in common wars, citizenry need to guard themselves in various manners. There might be in a circumstance where government powers are utilizing fear based oppression and guerrilla powers similar strategies consequently. Different gatherings in the public arena begin utilizing savagery to safeguard this privilege thus an atmosphere of fear rises. What little peace remains is kept up exclusively by the most grounded bunches utilizing dread (Freeman 43). Psychological warfare has been utilized by gatherings of the privilege trying to maintain the built up framework. In Northern Ireland Protestant fanatic gatherings have utilized psychological warfare against those battling for a unified Ireland. There have been comparable gatherings in Italy and Latin America Fighting for the arrival to increasingly dictator and moderate types of government. There are a wide range of sorts of psychological oppression, this makes characterizing the word troublesome. Guerrilla fighting is utilized in many unrests and is a type of fear mongering, regardless of whether it is unpredictable psychological warfare (model: the shelling of an open spots) or fear mongering pointed distinctly upon the administration. Psychological oppression can likewise be utilized by a legislature to control its kin. War between nations is a spot were psychological warfare is utilized colossally so as to strike dread into an adversary (The Encyclopedia America 523). Psychological warfare is regularly a weapon after all other options have run out. Most insurgencies started as guerrilla fear based oppression. The American Revolution began as psychological oppressor acts against England. The Boston Tea Party is a prime case of psychological oppression. Pioneer progressives sneaked on board an English Tea Merchant Ships, where they tossed hundreds if not a great many dollars worth of tea into the Atlantic Ocean. Americans today think about that occurrence as a step to opportunity, yet the English gander at it as the start of endless fear based oppressor acts. The Law and Order Maintenance Act of 1962 in Rhodesia (presently Zimbabwe) included among its meanings of fear based oppressor as any individual who took to the streets if a fundamental assistance was put in danger subsequently. These strikes prompted the transformation of the Zimbabwe individuals from the Rhodesia (English) government (Freeman 21). In South Africa, the consuming of the Identification cards and the shelling of a few army installations by the A.N.C. (African National Congress) was the start of an autonomy development against the Afrikaners. Fear based oppression is regularly the beginning of an insurgency that makes the nation and even the world a superior spot. The IRA (Irish Republican Army) would contend that

An Online Utility Bill Payment System

An Online Utility Bill Payment System Unique With the developing number of individuals who are been expanding constrained for time, online service charge installment has become an agile answer for the purchasers with occupied ways of life. Through online installment of service charges, purchasers can spare time, bother and in this way make their lives a lot simpler. Albeit online service charge installment has gotten one of the quickest developing patterns on the planet especially in the US, in the Sri Lanka notwithstanding, the advancement of family units receiving to online service charge installments is fairly sluggish. Accordingly, the essential target of this examination is to break down the elements affecting the customers aim to receive a service charge installment framework in Sri Lanka nearby with the auxiliary destinations of recognizing the mindfulness level on online bill installments frameworks, inspecting the most favored service charge installment alternatives and models, and the level of acknowledgment of online service charge installment frameworks by the purchasers lastly to investigate the future possibility concerning on the web service charge installments. Consequently a review was directed among 50 doctors from four significant clinics in the Colombo city. As per the outcome got from this examination, it was uncovered that despite the fact that by and large all the respondents were fairly mindful about online service charge installment frameworks, the more youthful respondents procured a superior information about online service charge installments than respondents from more established age classes. Besides, all the respondents emphatically responded and expressed that it is significant for all the service organizations to stamp their online nearness in this way permit clients to lead online exchanges as it would be more accommodation. In addition, factors ordered under apparent dangers and saw benefits were found to have an extensive power on the customers expectation to embrace an online service charge installment framework. Different factors, for example, administrations and highlights offered by organizations, people PC informatio n and aptitude, and use of credit and charge cards were likewise distinguished and are talked about in this exploration. Catchphrases: Online service charge Payment framework; Credit card utilization; web based business; appropriation; User expectation. Section 1 Presentation Today the improvement of online business has prompted the inference of different web based exercises. For example organizations can lead their business exercises at painfully inconvenient times, arriving at clients in all pieces of the world along these lines grow their client base without geologically being restricted. While in clients viewpoint, internet business gives a stage on which they can without much of a stretch complete the vital exchanges whenever the timing is ideal. Subsequently even the organizations which offer utility types of assistance are intensely changing their industry in this manner receiving web for online business purposes (Buccigross, 2000). This permits clients to make their service charge installments straightforwardly through service organizations sites or through an outsider site, for example, banks, money related establishments and aggregators. Online service charge installment is the point at which the client makes their installment exchanges online for the utility administrations got from a specific organization. By taking care of utility tabs by means of on the web, shoppers have the advantages of maintaining a strategic distance from swarms, lining, stopping issues, and cutting their voyaging expenses and time (Ramayah et al, 2005). Thus purchasers could essentially get their service bills paid with only a tick of their mouse. In Sri Lanka, the installment arrangement of service bills is fairly unique to the frameworks set up in different nations. The service charges for the most part show up by post in this manner the customers must visit the installment office so as to settle the installments. As referenced before, this procedure is typically joined by lining, stopping issues, and constrained installment alternatives. For instance, the CEB NWS DB just acknowledges installments made with money or checks at their installment counters. These issues can be considered as a problem for individuals whose occupations are of rushed and distressing nature. Numerous service organizations in Sri Lanka have distinguished this difficult subsequently have actualized different kinds of installment frameworks so as to furnish their buyers with a more extensive decision with regards to their installments (allude reference section A). Online service charge installment is one of the tip top decisions of installment framewor ks that have been actualized in the contemporary world. Issue Statement What are the components molding and impacting a people aim to receive an online service charge installment framework? Issue Justification There is an absence of understanding concerning what is truly occurring in the nearby setting with respect to the selection of new mechanical administrations identified with the web. Henceforth there are not really any looks into that have been completed so as to comprehend the buyers see point concerning on the web service charge installment frameworks that have been executed. Consequently the information about buyers conduct identified with this territory of study is indispensable for service organizations and different merchants working in comparable organizations so as to assess the potential market accessible thus use the web as an instrument of chance for those organizations to develop and extend their market. The investigation will likewise be basic for government service organizations (for example CEB) since they have not yet actualized the administration of permitting the clients to cover their utility tabs straightforwardly through the organizations sites. The data began from this exploration will empower both the administration and private service organizations to recognize the essentialness of the variables affecting the customers expectation to receive online service charge installment frameworks hence create techniques to additionally upgrade their business exercises. Destinations of the Study To decide mindfulness level about online service charge installment frameworks by buyers. To dissect the elements impacting the buyers expectation to receive an online service charge installment framework. To discover the most acknowledged online service charge installment alternatives and the favored bill installment modes by buyers. To examine the level of acknowledgment of an online service charge installment framework by shoppers. To inspect the approaching future possibility of online service charge installment frameworks in Sri Lanka. Importance of the Study This investigation will for the most part encourage the service organizations and different merchants in Sri Lanka to distinguish the elements impacting the shoppers goal to receive online service charge installment frameworks, for this situation doctors who are living in Colombo, an exceptionally talented and an esteemed populace in the nation. In this way by seeing such factors, organizations will have the option to kill the vulnerability levels and have a reasonable view about the potential market for online service charge installment in Sri Lanka. This investigation will additionally enable the service organizations to create improved techniques with respect to the installment choices that are being made accessible to their customers. Mindfulness about online service charge installment will permit customers to adapt to these new advancements in this way misuse the upsides of the web. The data and information that have been gathered in this examination will help the future scientists directing inquires about identified with shoppers expectation to embrace online bill installment frameworks when all is said in done. Extent of the Study This examination was done to experimentally explore the variables influencing the shoppers goal to embrace an online service charge installment framework. Be that as it may, the review test of the examination comprised uniquely of doctors working in four (4) private medical clinics arranged inside the Colombo city limits. Moreover, the doctors were from different foundations in this way to accomplish results that are progressively sensible and to more readily imply the individuals that take care of utility tabs, the example must be increasingly broadened as far as age and land area (He Mykytyn, 2007), ideally property holders who are answerable for their particular family unit charge installments. Part 2 Writing Review Online Utility Bill Payment Online service charge installment is the point at which the buyer makes his/her installments for the utility service(s) acquired with the utilization of the web. The sorts of utility administrations are represented in the table underneath. Today, the purchasers pattern in making service charge installments is expanding especially in the created countries Brant (2008). In the Sri Lankan setting in any case, in spite of the fact that the nation delineates a consistent development as far as web utilization particularly from the clients in the urban territories (Sathrasinghe, 2004), this has not been accompanied by a comparative development in the quantity of shoppers making on the web service charge installments. Truth be told by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (2008), the general exchanges made by buyers over the web showed a declining pattern. Online Utility Bill Payment Models Options There are different installment models and installment alternatives accessible to the clients with regards to taking care of online utility tabs not at all like in the conventional (or disconnected) technique for charge installment where the client is restricted to pay by either in real money, check, or electronic installment at a given installment place. There are two sorts of online service charge installment models, to be specific direct model and circuitous model. The accompanying table portray further subtleties on these two models. Circuitous Model (Third Party) Customers pay any biller through an outsider site, for example, a bank or entryway, or by utilizing programming that associates with the payers bank (Flynn Bowes, 2005) Programmed Bill Settlement by American Express (American Express, 2010) HSBC Easy Bill Settlement for Utility Bills (Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, 2010) With the development of installment alternatives from deal to ware based, to cash and coin, to card-based and, all the more as of late, to electronic system based frameworks (Mantel, 2000), present day buyers have a more extensive decision with regards to taking care of their utility tabs by means of on the web. The table 3 underneath delineates different

English as a Second Language Tests and Admission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

English as a Second Language Tests and Admission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog First let me say from a personal standpoint that I admire anyone who is able to communicate at a high level in more than one language.   Mastering a second language is certainly a huge achievement.   My wife speaks three languages very well and each time she rapidly transitions from one language to another it makes my head spin.   And she types all three languages well even on an English keyboard with no foreign language characters.   Shes my hero. Half the time when I try to speak a bit of Korean I end up speaking broken Spanish, and when I try to speak Spanish broken Korean comes out.   I am convinced that my Latin American apartment neighbors think I am crazy because half the time when I try to say hello, Korean comes out instead of Spanish. Mastery of English is very important to the Admissions Committee at SIPA due to the rigorous and fast paced nature of our curriculum.   I thought I would provide a bit of insight into how the Admissions Committee views English test reports submitted by applicants that do not speak English as a native language. SIPA will accept three tests that measure the ability to communicate in English:   TOEFL, IELTS, and a test administered at Columbia University called the English Certification Test (this test must be taken on our campus).   Scores can be divided into three categories. Category 1: We cannot offer admission based on the score regardless of how impressive the rest of an application may be. Category 2: We can offer provisional admission (only for the fall cycle).   Candidates offered provisional admission must enroll in a mandatory, three week, intensive English course hosted at SIPA in the summer. Category 3: We can offer unconditional admission. For categories 2 and 3, applicants must of course not only score at high level on the English exam, but must also put together a compelling application in all other regards. We do have minimum scores for admission and they are: TOEFL iBT: 100 TOEFL Computer: 250 TOEFL Paper: 600 IELTS: 7 ECT: 7A We can offer admission to candidates that achieve these scores, the offer will be provisional however if the scores fall within the following range: TOEFL iBT: 100 109 TOEFL Computer: 250 267 TOEFL Paper: 600 633 IELTS: 7 -7.5 ECT: 7A 8A And finally, we can offer unconditional admission to candidates that achieve the following scores: TOEFL iBT: 110 and above TOEFL Computer: 270 and above TOEFL Paper: 637 and above IELTS: 8 and above ECT: 8B or above In all cases scores must be less than two years old.   We do not require official test reports to consider candidates for admission.   Candidates can self report test scores on the application Web site all the way up to the Admission Deadline.   Therefore, if you take a test at a late date, as long as you can log in to the application site prior to the deadline to submit the scores achieved, the scores will be accepted for consideration.   Only candidates that are offered admission will then later be asked to submit official test scores for the permanent academic record. We do recommend that you list our code when taking the TOEFL.   Our TOEFL test code is 2161.