Ovid: the Art of Love

Ovid: The Art of Love There have been numerous questions that have always confused mankind since the early days. The significance of life, how everything functions, is there a god of every single topic that still confuses humans. Although those concepts create a good argument, a topic that is time consuming in our lives is how to pick up on women. A main example of how old that problem has bothered men is in the book of Ovid: The Art of Love. We independently come up with our own style of picking up on a female through personal experiences and knowing stories.The majority advice given by Ovid is dead to me but there are a few things I do concur. Ovid seems like a man who has a well-built resume of being familiar with women as well as learned from other stories. The majority things he said in the book I am already familiar with and while I was reading I laughed at how time affects this topic very little. The first thing I have noticed was Ovid’s recommendation of judging a woma n only during the day because all perspectives change when the combination of night and drinking are mixed. Even during the day can be difficult.You are walking behind them saying in your mind, â€Å"She is attractive†. But once you get the opportunity to pass by them and take a quick look back how many times have I said, â€Å"What was I thinking? † Nighttime is very similar but to an even greater degree. It isn’t until you are close enough to say if she is cute or not. This also goes for nightclubs where it is intentionally dark and misleading. Women that you danced with and looked marvelous the entire night immediately transform when the place is lighted up. That is why you get the digits in a lighted area if you are concerned about the looks.If not, then by all means take advantage of the darkness. In the present day, very little have maids so getting familiarized with the woman’s maids is getting familiar with her friends in a platonic manner, for th e time being at least. If a woman likes you but her friends don’t then the all she is going to hear from them is how you do not deserve her and how an awful person you are. Every mistake you commit will be blown out of proportion and if you do something good will be rendered as you being phony and saying all sorts of things just aiming to get into her pants.Ovid having knowledge of keeping yourself in shape and clean in the era of very few baths and dirt is beyond impressive. Being lazy, dirty or unfit is a bad sign for women that there will be little effort at anything including a relationship. You do not necessarily need to wear fancy clothes but wearing dirty clothes is a turn-off in my opinion. We live in a heavyset nation where being fit not only benefits your health but is also an advantage to your interactions with the ladies. It does not necessarily mean you have to be a body builder but most girls find it a plus when a guy is athletic and can keep up.Makes them aware of you not being afraid of a workout. Compliments and flatteries may take you far if done in a subtle and discreet method. Considerably, I hear guys who spit game in a very direct and sometimes insulting manner. Speak to women in ways that flatter them and make them blush. Lying in this case is not only recommended but at times necessary. If she has a voice that cracks glass say it is a melancholic voice that sooths the mind and soul. It’s a white lie and really no harm comes from it. Ovid has the fair idea on how to deal with a sad woman.When she gets pissed off, don’t accumulate on her current troubles. The best thing is to be there for her, hear her problems and always support her decisions even if the issue is stupid or non-existent. Non-existent problems are abundant times that are self-esteem related but can just be made up problems such as why is. No matter what she says hold her and don’t let go, not in a sexual way just show her that you are there for her. â€Å"I’m the poor man’s poet, was poor myself as a lover, couldn’t afford gifts, so spun words. † The rich and the poor have two very different ways of wooing a girl. Girls praise a poem, but go for expensive presents:† Who needs a crappy poem when you can give diamonds. In my opinion, money doesn’t always bring success, but does make things a lot easier. Regardless of money entities and personality is needed for love to happen, love of money is different as loving someone. Money comes and goes rapidly opposed to feelings linger. One aspect I do disagree with is being the woman’s slave and allowing her to cheat on you. It is acceptable to please her and allow her to have it her way to a certain extent but being her slave is a huge negative.Be attentive to her but do not let her become your everything. Allow for each other some space for you to hang out with the guys every so often and let her be out with the girls. Even if they g o clubbing, they just remain in their own small circle of friends and reject all guys that confront them. Be her friend, her lover and her emotional support opposed to being her slave. If you catch her cheating then it becomes a different story. Do you decide to leave her because she is not trustworthy and might be repetitive with her actions or stay and work things out.I would say leave her because there are so many fishes left in the sea and you are too valuable for a woman to treat you like you are nothing to her. One thing that most males do not learn from and Ovid mentioned is that competition creates a wanting feeling. I am not saying to purposely go out, cheat on her and force them both to compete for your love. Do not let her flirtatious ways blind you, which she mostly cannot help being flirtatious. Since the beginning, you noticed she was a flirt and cannot go wrong there.Instead of getting mad step your game up and flirt as well. Demonstrate to her she is not the only one that can get attention from the opposite sex. Again, do not go as far as to get another woman’s phone number while she is right next you which is a mindless move. Ovid got into too much detail and expected women to be close to perfect to get a guys’ attention because it does not take much effort to catch our eyes. One thing for women is to not be lazy because if you are then it might seem you are kind of boring and result our conversations to be short and dull.Do not look filthy, just make sure your clothes are clean and you smell good. The best approach is just make sure you don’t look like you haven’t taken care of yourself in months. Also be fit and healthy, I find that very attractive in a girl. You may call it curves and what not but if that is what you look like now what are you going to look like when your metabolism slows down and age starts revealing. Do not cheat, it is understandable if you are a flirt and you might not be able to help it but there is a huge difference between innocent flirting and flirting on purpose.This goes to the flirting subject, do not try and make your special someone jealous more often than not it leads to complications. Be there for your guy when he has troubles. We seem to be immune to emotions but that’s hardly the case, we just hide them way better. Beware of guys with the wrong intentions. If you are not sure if a guy has the right intentions ask the guys that know him and more likely they will tell you the truth because they themselves don’t like seeing girls get hurt by his actions. Allow us to protect you in some way or form even though we know you’re an independent woman.We have the natural instinct to protect our partner. Chivalry is not dead it’s just rare. Don’t give into our every wish and don’t expect to have every demand met we both have our opinions and beliefs. A relationship is working through them in a mutually benefiting manner. Know how your friends are and be sure to keep an eye on those who are seen with different guys constantly they might go after yours. When it comes to the sensual arts, don’t give in too easy. Let desire, passion, lust build up until it just explodes in a fury of ecstasy.Tell the guy what you like and what you don’t, if he doesn’t listen then he doesn’t deserve you. The opposite sex will always seem very distant and strange but in reality we share most of the same desires and needs. People grow with their morals and opinions set a certain way, when they meet someone they like those ideals might into question that is why we have conflicts and that is why we appear to be so different. This will always confuse both men and women but for love to occur mutual understanding as well as trust needs to take place.

Holden’s Passive and Unwillingness Essay

Holden is the protagonist in the novel, Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger (1945). Holden is a character who tries to seek for dignity, but he has some flaws holding him back. Holden is passive and unwilling to examine himself and seek his own dignity. Three reasons for his tragic flaw are: his craziness, his immaturity, and his phoniness and madman stuff. The first reason for Holden’s flaw is his craziness. He acts this way because he is not normal like others. Something that he repeats constantly throughout the novel is, â€Å"He is the biggest phony.† This quote shows how Holden thinks and acts towards others. Holden acts this way because who falls in love too quickly with Jane and Sally. He also thinks this way because Jane and Sally equal perfection and he isn’t perfect like them or anybody else. Finally his thoughts are what can he do to be perfect like everyone else because he seems to be the only that is crazy. Therefore, Holden acts and thinks differently from everyone else because he is insane. The second reason for Holden’s flaw is his immaturity. He acts this way because Holden is always alone and have no family to support him except his younger sister, Phoebe. Something that is repeated constantly throughout the novel is, â€Å"Jane keeping her kings in the back row.† This symbol shows that Holden cannot separate the past from the present time. Holden thinks this way because he was always necking with Jane when they were young. He also thinks this way because of his immaturity of always wanting to have sex and always wanting to be a kid instead of growing up to is an adult. Finally his thoughts always want to be with Jane, but because of his immaturity Jane doesn’t choose him. Therefore, Holden acts immature towards others because he has been expelled from four different schools and no one is there to teach him his manners and to discipline him. The third reason for Holden’s flaw is his phoniness and his madman stuff. He acts this way because he doesn’t want to get help. Something that Holden repeats constantly in the novel is, â€Å"I’m a madman.† This quote shows that he has some personal issues going on with him, but he doesn’t want to get help. He thinks this way because his other lover, Jane is going out with others, but not him because he is a jealous person. He also thinks like this because it shows his low-self esteem and his view towards women. Finally his thoughts are I’m a madman because he is inexperienced with women. Therefore, Holden is a madman because of his jealousy toward women and never did have a real relationship with any women before. In conclusion, Holden is passive and unwilling to examine himself and seek his own dignity. Three reasons for his tragic flaws are that he is crazy, he is immature, and his phoniness and his madman things. Holden acts crazy because he is not normal like others and isn’t perfect at everything. He acts immature because no one is there to teach him his manners and no one is there to also teach him his respect and manners. Holden also acts like a madman because he is jealous of Jane and Sally. He also acts like this because he doesn’t like the private schools that he goes to. Therefore, I think that Holden needs to go get some serious help to become a good and a better person.

How far are you given the impression that Lady Macbeth is merely a “fiend like queen”? Essay

Malcolm calls Lady Macbeth a â€Å"fiend like queen† as he thought of her as witch-like. Lady Macbeth was based on a real person, although no one really knew who she was so Shakespeare made up her personality and character. Elizabethans believed in magic and witchcraft and they often accused witches for anything bad that happened and many witches were put to death. Fiends and witches were often frowned upon, but Elizabethans genuinely believed that witchcraft was true and so were often scared of witches and fiends as they did not know and so feared what they might do. A fiend is thought to behave in a scheming manner, they often cover up their evilness and plan nasty events that they then deny or act innocent about later on. In Act one scene 5, Lady Macbeth receives a letter from her husband informing her of his success in a battle and the witches’ prophecies. After reading the letter she is worried that Macbeth is too soft a person to be able to take the crown and is determined to assist him through the ‘valour of my tongue’. When she hears a message that the King Duncan will be staying in their castle overnight, she decides that she needs to take action so that Macbeth can be king. She exults and invokes demonic spirits to harden her resolve and to destroy any weakness of pity. Lady Macbeth is already prepared for the death of Duncan and her resolution is absolute. Macbeth’s seed of ambition is catalysed by his â€Å"fiend like† wife Lady Macbeth, she utilises his weak mental power and deploys manipulative techniques to make him succumb to her plan of regicide, she says â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under it† (Act 1 sc 5 line 62). The serpentine imagery used here by Shakespeare shows Macbeth to be like an â€Å"innocent flower† and Lady Macbeth is seen as very fiend like and as the â€Å"serpent under it†. Macbeth decides to stand up for himself against her, â€Å"we will have no further in this business † (Act 1 sc 5 line 50†²), however, Lady Macbeth coerces him into complying with her plan showing Macbeth to be the weaker one. Lady Macbeth is seen as more dominant and in control than him, she has power over him and role reversal appears in this scene. Macbeth’s weak mental power lets him down as Lady Macbeth takes advantage and overpowers him. In this scene, Lady Macbeth appears ruthless, totally committed and is willing to put in every effort to strive for the greater glory of her husband. She fears that Macbeth will let her down as he is too kind to murder â€Å"I fear thy nature, it is too full o’th’milk of human kindness† (act 1 sc 5 line 14). She sees his tendency to speculate and think round problems as a crucial weakness. There is an element of her attitude strongly reminiscent of the witches â€Å"that I may pour my spirits in thine ear†(Act 1 sc 5 line 24), she wishes to alter his character. She invokes the spirits of evil to â€Å"defeminise† her, â€Å"dehumanise† her and for darkness to hide her planned action. Lady Macbeth makes Macbeth feel like a coward and questions his masculinity and does all she can to persuade Macbeth to kill duncan, she threatens him by saying that she will not love him anymore if he does not do it and tells him that it will be very easy, they will not get caught and that there are no risks. She succeeds as he is convinced and does go through with it. Their traditional roles are reversed in this scene, as she is a very dominant and strong person whereas he seems vulnerable, weaker and more caring. She is very unfeminine which may be due to a manly upbringing or the fact that she is childless. She seems very unnatural as a woman as it was always the woman’s duty to have children and to care and look after them. She bullies Macbeth into it by saying that he is not a man and that he is not strong enough to go through with it. The language Shakespeare uses gives her speech a special urgency and determination as she uses many imperatives e.g. fill, come etc. When Macbeth appears, there is little trace of endearment from her and she forces him to see himself in terms of her plan for power. There is drastic brevity in her language here â€Å"he that’s coming must be provided for† (Act 1 sc 5 line 64) and she addresses him as he had been addressed by the witches. Lady Macbeth immediately understands the full implications of Macbeth’s letter and her response is direct and uncompromising. She wants Macbeth to be what he has promised. No niceties of conscience or loyalty seem to assail her, and it is noticeable how she overwhelms her husband when he appears. In act 1 scene 7, Lady Macbeth’s fiend-like and pernicious personality is clearly shown. She completely manipulates Macbeth, she uses both her femininity and her innocence as potent persuasive techniques when she asks the question â€Å"what beast was’t then That made you break this enterprise to me?†(Act 1 scene 7 line 46). The fact that Lady Macbeth uses a feminine tone and utilises her innocent position here, surely shows her to be fiend-like. This onslaught of manipulation is drawn to a conclusion when Lady Macbeth gives a malicious statement saying â€Å"I would while the babe was still smiling in my face have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed his brains out had I so sworn as you have done this† (Act 1 sc 7 line 55). This fiend like speech completely defies the sacred bond between mother and child, it also in concludes a conversation in which Macbeth’s position is changed from â€Å"we will proceed no further† (Act 1 sc 7 line 31) to â€Å"If we should fail† (Act 1 sc 7 line 59) in just twenty seven lines. This array of persuasive manipulative techniques is so effective it single handedly overwhelms Macbeth and long term is the catalyst for his downfall, thus showing Lady Macbeth’s cold blooded nature and fiend like personality. In act 2 scene 2, Lady Macbeth seems more uncertain, she is nervous about the whole situation as she waits, stimulated by wine having dragged out Duncan’ servants, for the return of her husband and the completion of the murder. Macbeth is almost out of his mind as it verges on hysteria, he is unable to distance himself from the scene in Duncan’s room. His wife who, seizing control of the situation, finds that she has to take the daggers back as Macbeth has removed them. She rebukes him. He is not able to return to the scene of the crime, as his state of mind is so bad. The extreme tension is communicated to the audience and Shakespeare does this well by the abrupt changes of direction in the speech of characters, the interruptions â€Å"knock [within]†, the sudden noises, â€Å"[an owl shrieks]†, the questions and the exclamations â€Å"Who’s there? What ho?† and â€Å"Murder!†. A knocking sound is heard and Lady Macbeth leads Macbeth out to wash the blood off his hands. The audience feels trapped in Macbeth’s anguish and, like Lady Macbeth, we struggle to feel in control of the situation. The fact that Lady Macbeth needed some alcohol beforehand shows the audience that she is not as tough and as full as courage and she makes out to be. She masterfully takes the daggers back. Lady Macbeth, despite some nervous apprehension, is how she was made out to be in Act 1 scene 5 as she is bold, exultant and boasts about managing to drug the guards, she seems in complete control of her and her husband – who deals with the situation very badly. She says that she would have been able to commit the murder herself if it wasn’t for the fact that Duncan was sleeping which reminded her of her father. It is clear that she was very close to her father maybe causing her to have some masculine qualities about her. Her readiness of mind and strength of purpose compensates for the way Macbeth behaves and fails to do what was asked of him. This remorse shown by Macbeth does demonstrate his still active conscience however, it is quelled by Lady Macbeth when she says â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after it will make us mad†(act 2 scene 2 line 67). This realistic statement means Macbeth cannot now emancipate him from this downward cycle he has embarked on the road to ultimate failure and now must succumb to his ambition. It is ironic that Lady Macbeth imagines that washing the blood of ones hands will free the guilt that is in ones mind, however, it is she who finally is able to come to terms with this theory and is unable to wash her hands clean. Her harsh comment towards Macbeth â€Å"infirm of purpose!† comes back to haunt her, as he strengthens in evil resolve, she becomes madly suicidal – anticipated in her dismissive comment â€Å"so, it will make us mad†. In Act 2 scene 3, the news is discussed. Lady Macbeth faints, and it is not clear why she appears to do so. Women in that day knew how to faint very well at exactly the right time in order to get out of an unpleasant situation, such as when a male expressed a vulgarity in her presence, people would not necessarily believe that her faint was more than just a public gesture. Another way of looking at it is that Macbeth had just made a big mistake, and in order to help him by distracting the attention away from him onto her, she faints. However, she may have fainted due to the stress and strain of the situation, so she might have not intended to do it. In Act 3 scene 2, Lady Macbeth realizes that the plan for satisfaction that her and Macbeth sought had not been achieved. She becomes less and less fiend- like due to her conscience â€Å"haunting† her, she even goes as far as saying â€Å"here’s the smell of blood still, not all the perfumes of Arabia will sweeten this little hand†. Shakespeare uses blood imagery to show how her conscience has taken her over. Like Macbeth, she cannot emancipate herself from this downward spiral and lacks the fiendish, dominant personality that we first saw of her. She tries to enter into her husband’s obsessive involvement while, at the same time, trying to reassure him and urge him to be cheerful. Macbeth is tormented, his thoughts fixed on banquo and he imagines banquo’s face often. He hints at black deeds to come but won’t tell Lady Macbeth about them. As he does not tell his â€Å"dearest partner of greatness† about his thoughts and plans, he is now in control ,he says â€Å"be innocent to the knowledge dearest chuck† (Act 3 sc 2 line 45) and she herself feels isolated. He grows stronger â€Å"things bad begun make strong themselves by ill†. He is brooding on the crimes committed and on the crimes he intends to commit (â€Å"oh full of scorpions in my mind†) – and inures himself to doing evil. The situation has changed, Lady Macbeth’s futile presence in conversation shows she is a shadow of her former self and is now no longer fiend-like. She has lost control rapidly and will only take control once more, at the banquet and then she will be overwhelmed by remorse for the tide of evil she has helped unleash, this leads to her madness and causes her to commit suicide. Their roles have reversed once more. In act 3 scene 4, As Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are welcoming the guests to the feast, one of the murderers arrives and tells Macbeth of the death of Banquo and the escape of Fleance. Macbeth turns back to the table and comments on Banquo’s absence. Banquo’s ghost enters and occupies Macbeth’s place; he is visible only to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth tries to calm him and keep control of the situation, but after the ghost has gone, he seems to be recovering. Suddenly when Macbeth mentions his name again – Banquo appears again and Macbeth is helpless. After the ghost has gone, Lady Macbeth brings the feast to a hurried end. He informs her that he intends to visit the witches and press on with eliminating all opposition. This is the last appearance of a sane Lady Macbeth. Her iron self control, loyalty to her husband, organising skill, apparent callousness – all evident in this scene are all qualities in which she possesses, however, she soon pays dearly for t hem. The strain on Lady Macbeth is evident. Although Macbeth has been terrified, by the end of the scene he seems casual in his attitude to what has happened â€Å"we are yet but young in deed† suggests that this mere blip will soon pass. She, however, has had to use all her resources and wit to contain all the potential damage of exposure. This part in the play is where the full enjoyment of majesty could be entertained; Lady Macbeth is on her throne, surrounded by subjects. Yet this, through Macbeth’s actions becomes a hollow and empty event, lacking any dignity or regal significance. Her mind then does begin to question of what it has accomplished. Macbeth no longer talks of we but of himself alone: â€Å"For mine good/ all causes shall give away†. In act 5 scene 1, in Dusinane castle a doctor and Lady Macbeth’s lady in waiting are watching to see if Lady Macbeth walks in her sleep as her servant has reported to the doctor. She enters and begins to rub her hands as if struggling to clean them and before she departs she refers to the deaths of Duncan, Macduff’s wife and Banquo. The doctor confesses that he is incapable of dealing with such cases. This scene shows her carefully contrived mask has slipped. In her sleepwalking she reveals the guilt and anxieties by which she is tortured. Particularly she re-enacts the first murder scene. Now, alone, her loyalty to her husband remains intact; only once does she reproach him, â€Å"‘no more o’ that; you mar all with this starting†. Her behavior is revealing and moving. She has given all and now her present is overwhelmed by the past. â€Å"What’s done cannot be undone†. The clear mental breakdown of Lady Macbeth is deeply affecting. As with guilt, Lady Macbeth has an obsession with the past. It was Lady Macbeth who said, â€Å"what’s done is done†, thus suggesting that it would no longer be of concern. Here, despite all her courage and ambition and strength of purpose, all that has been â€Å"done † is not past but present – and ever present in her mind. Ironically the physical symptoms of her guilt include the forlorn hope of washing her hands clean. This links to her statement â€Å"a little water washes our hands clean of this deed†. Most of this play is written in blank verse but the appearance of Lady Macbeth in this scene is an exception. Before and particularly in the first 2 acts, Lady Macbeth’s speech had been blazing and fiery blank verse – the strong rhythms affecting her strong grasp on reality, and her determination. Now she speaks in prose, choppy abrupt and lurching from one incident to another. This represents her breakdown; the language is breaking down under the strain she is under. It is therefore not surprising that she commits suicide – she can no longer hold it together and on death language disappears altogether. This is the last scene where Lady Macbeth is present and Shakespeare, it appears, put this scene in to show the audience how vulnerable and weak she really is. The audience get a very different view of her in this scene than that of Act 1 scene 5, the final feeling is to feel sorry for her and to not base her on her fiend like personality, but on the vulnerable one instead. If this scene was left out, the audience would remember Lady Macbeth as being cold blooded and fiendish, this part of the play shows her weak, powerless side and it shows that she hides her true feelings. The phrase that Shakespeare uses to describe Lady Macbeth – as merely a â€Å"fiend-like queen† is a completely biased and partisan comment. The fact that at the end of the play Lady Macbeth commits suicide, makes too unfair to deploy such a critical description. It shows that Shakespeare did not want Lady Macbeth to seem just as a â€Å"fiend like queen† but as a person with other redeeming features and with other emotions and feelings. As the play continues, the strong dominant character we once saw eventually embers out and she eventually commits suicide, however at this point she is not at all influential to Macbeth. Her un-fiend like legacy is summed up by Macbeth’s cold statement saying â€Å"she should have did here after there would have been time for a word†. This is an un-fiend-like end and it would not be expected if she was judged on her previous actions. It also shows that Lady Macbeth’s conscience is far too strong for her to be labelled as malevolent and fiend-like. It is obvious that the sleep walking scene was put in to show a less evil and fiendish side to her, that she is perhaps weaker than her husband which seems absurd to suggest when we see her in Act 1 scene 5, and to show that she hides her true feelings. Lady Macbeth is also so intricate that it is hard to describe her whole character in one line so Shakespeare uses the metaphor ‘fiend like queen’.

Humanity in King Lear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanity in King Lear - Essay Example However, on a different perspective, it is also possible to see the play as a declaration that humanity is an make-believe ideal. In this play, only those who recognize and value the fundamental human condition possess humanity. For example, as King Lear ages and advances into madness, he is stripped of his title, thrown out of his home, and reduced to nothing. It is a sharp depiction that man is really just a â€Å"bare, forked, pitiable animal† and even he, who supposedly owns a noble title, is no more than this. Metaphors are used to acknowledge his inconsequentiality and establish his epiphany as a mere mortal. Lear is able to recognize the values of humanity in his journey to humility. It is shown when he tells his daughter Cordelia to give in to her fate in jail, signifying Lear’s discovery that genuine filial love has more bearing than cultural materialism focusing on power, property, and rank. Still, it is not possible to merely interpret the play as an suggesti on of the basic void that the world is made of --- where Lear is shown as accommodating to the idea that there is nothing but the dreary, cruel, and cold world represented in the story. Edmund, Regan, and Goneril’s portrayed logical sanity contradicts their base natures, as symbolized by animal metaphors such as â€Å"toad spotted traitor† and â€Å"pelican daughters.† While it is natural for human beings to transcend their own limits, this creative tendency to exceed oneself is also the source of destructiveness, a paradox that King Lear explores. This difficult dialectic poses the problem of respecting the norm while at the same time going beyond it. Excess may become too excessive, yet such superfluity is also precisely that which marks off men and women from the inhuman precision of beasts, or indeed of Goneril and Reagan. Lear’s daughters may have a point in failing to appreciate their father’s entourage of a hundred knights. However, what the y miss is the more vital point that Lear expresses at the onset of the play â€Å"O reason not the need.† It is nevertheless inherent to human --- being not beasts --- that desires go beyond the minimal need if there is no rationale why humans should want more than is required for survival. However, excessive material possessions may hinder a man’s ability to identify with the misery of others and feel care. This thought becomes clear to Lear when he is thrown out of his home into the storm, moments before he meets Edgar disguised as Poor Tom. This same insight becomes clear to Gloucester as well, after he is blinded. On the other hand, Cordelia’s forgiveness and mercy of her father offsets this harsh want for excess or surplus. Cordelia’s attitude towards Lear even extends beyond the set standards of justice. It is Cordelia’s attitude depicting both restriction and generosity that resolves several of the text’s formal antinomies. This is sh own when she tells Lear that her love should be suitably divided between himself and her future spouse no matter how unreservedly her love is given. However, when Cordelia dies, another problem is presented. After all, it is a matter of controlling what seems to be a permanent inconsistency in the material composition of humans, and not merely a matter of resolving preset contradictions. It is a tragedy because the play asserts the fact that no poetic imagery is sufficient to resolve this contradiction. Another excess depicted in the play is the excessive ability of humans to inflict pain on each

Crime analysis 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crime analysis 2 - Coursework Example Calls for service are among the most common types of information mapped by many police departments, according to a RAND study. (Schwabe, Davis, Jackson p. 22) However, calls for service do not reflect crime, they are simply calls for service until the officers arrive and assess or address the situation. One reason calls for service should not be used is that they do not necessarily represent crime occurring. Alternatively there is the possibility that the calls are regarding the same subjects, due to the potentially repetitive nature of the 911 call system if one used the service data they run the risk of redundant responses and data. Another reason why calls for service should not be used is that they can also contain errors that regularly occur as a result of information input at the time. This is reason enough to not utilize service data calls, though there is the additional reason that the calls themselves may in fact be false calls. Schwabe, Davis, Jackson, W, L, B. (2001) "Chal lenges and Choices for Crime-Fighting Technology Federal Support of State and Local Law Enforcement." RAND. 22. Print.

Hydraulics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hydraulics - Essay Example Most of the ancient towns and cities in United Kingdom are close to the river always experiencing damages from flooding over time. SuDS are small scale source control measures which are useful in draining surface water in a more natural way through infiltration, retention and storage devices in urban areas. They employ methods that mimic natural drainage systems by passively removing contaminants in surface water and naturalizing flow rate (JEFFERIES, 2011 p 189-221). After reducing the water volumes and pollutants near the water source, a corresponding reduction in the rate of flow downstream and flood discharges are evident. Reducing rate of downstream flow and flood discharges contribute in improving the quality of water. Further improvements are realizable due to reduced storm water into sewers because little surface water spills over into the sewer system, this spillage if often allowed force raw sewer discharge into the water courses. Certain infiltration based systems such as permeable pavements, swale and detention ponds are always important in controlling the effect of storm water in built-up areas. Permeable pavements are alternative grounds that allow storm water to filter through the voids into the underlying stone reservoirs for temporarily storage (KING, & WISLER, 2008 p 117-131). Permeable pavements consist of permeable surface layer, bedding a layer, underlying stone aggregate reservoir and a filtration layer laid at the bottom. Swales are shallow channels for collecting, and removing pollutants from water (KING, & WISLER, 2008 p 207-231). Swales have shallow side slopes and a flat bottom. They usually have grass covers and mostly water flows in a thin layer through the grass. Detention ponds are for improving the quality of urban runoff and reducing the rates at which the peak storm flows this is possible by providing temporary storage during large storms. Slow sand Filters have a filtration rate of 0.15 m3/m2†¢h, the

The Increasing Involvement of the Clergy in Politics Essay

The Increasing Involvement of the Clergy in Politics - Essay Example In the American context, American Muslims seem to just take care of themselves and mind their own businesses. Bill uses facts and opinion polls to back his arguments. For instance, when he says that 11% of those polled agreed that they had been influenced to vote along political divides, this only depicts the selfishness, majorly on the part of the clergy (Agnew 56). One might want to ask: why do they involve themselves in politics in the first place? Truly the American Muslims have replaced the Koran with their own interpretations, which in my view, is a paradox indeed. McKibben reveals the dangerous misinterpretations of the Koran by most American Muslims. When I read Bill’s article, what first came to my mind was the infiltration of the â€Å"expensive mega-churches†, plus their founders. When one visits some of the churches, they may be shocked by the elegance and the exurban styles of the churches. The churches are built using millions, or billions of dollars. The founders seem to use the church as an avenue to enrich themselves, promising worshippers that the â€Å"the hands that give are the hand that receives†. The American worshippers have understood this and would give an arm and a leg to receive the â€Å"blessings†. Instead of helping the poor members of the church just as Mohammed commanded, the founders and top clergy live lavish lifestyles, adorning expensive suits and other wears. In some cases, they are reportedly involved in scandals such as those pertaining to sex and politics.

Power Dynamics and Organizational Change Assignment

Power Dynamics and Organizational Change - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that when a person is emotionally under stress what he needs is the care and consideration of his family. But, an ordinary soldier in his early years of service is not permitted to take his family along with him unless he is an officer. This is what makes difficult the life of a soldier. While realizing these unconcealed facts the educated youths of modern era prefer to revisit their prior decision. This should not happen as the fate of a country rests with its dynamic youths. So, it inevitably requires some sort of structural changes in the entire organization. For this things must be changed from their present state of affairs. Places where transformation is sought First of all, as Mundell points out, depression and stress are the unrecognized problems of a number of soldiers returning from war fronts. To illustrate, while some of them feel they are treated as guests at their own homes, others feel estranged as their children do not respond warmly to them. According to the writer, if they do not feel the support of their family members and the warmth of the love of their dear ones, they have greater difficulty in recovering from the symptoms of depression. So, measures should be adopted to accommodate the families, at least the wives of the soldiers with them. Moreover, soldiers are suffering from stress which is a result of frequent combat operations. As they are also flesh and blood they may become upset on seeing destroyed houses, dead bodies or on the event of the death of their colleagues or even for being directly responsible for the death of some enemy soldiers. In this regard, every soldier must be availed the assistance of a counseling expert as and when he requires. In order to help this, psycho care units can be started alongside cantonment areas. No commander or superior must be entitled to hold back this right of soldiers. Any soldier who has some severe emotional damage must be evacuated to a fitting pla ce for the further health check. It will do well to bring the stress down in his community as well as personal life. However, the primary duty of a soldier is to protect and fight for his nation. So, changes to be made should not affect the role to be played by him. Another important crisis is the detrimental relationship between superiors and the men under their command. There is always a chance for skirmishes between commanding officer and his men as they are not satisfied with the commands placed and orders made by the officer. But on certain occasions, the superiors themselves have a tendency to humiliate their men for silly matters. Instead of giving a word of praise for a remarkable work done, they are ruthlessly reprimanded even for a microscopic slip-up. When such humiliations cross the boundary, the soldiers either end up their lives or shoot at their own officers and colleagues. It is a matter of serious concern as such incidents are numerous. In order to curb this, as in any organization, a separate personnel grievance redressal forum should be established in the military set up. As the head of the forum is an expert in HR related matters it will be of tremendous help in solving out all personnel related affairs.

What makes someone human The movie Nell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What makes someone human The movie Nell - Essay Example This film revolves around bringing Nell to the world of civilization and this is strange as Nell had never made any contact with human beings apart from her own mother and her twin sister who died as an infant. Lovell and Olsen discover Nell and they deliberate on how to help her and decide to introduce her to the outside world as the courts will demand Nell to be hospitalized for psychiatric examination. Lovell tries to understand the Nell and discovers that she is a grown normal woman who like any other human being needs love. The main characters of this film are: Nell, Jerome Lovell, Paula Olsen, Alexander Paley and Todd Peterson. The ability to love other human beings makes us human beings. Nell loved her mother and their existence in the woods was based on the virtue of love which requires proper socialization. Nell was taught by her mother how to love and treats her sister’s remains with love rather than repulsion as a result of her socialization. ... Her language of communication was different from the language of people from the civilized world. People from the civilized world considered her to have mental problems due to her mysterious language which was not the case. Their judgment was based on her ignorance of language, technology and other things which is wrong assumption as placed in a similar situation they could have been any different (Gazzaniga, 2008). Nell lacked a set of values which were followed by the people from the civilized world which are based on decency, discipline, morality among others. Nell skinny dives while Dr. Olsen dons a bathing suit with make-up and in the court room session, she makes an insensitive and misguided speech. Despite her innocence and ignorance to the civilized world, she existed very well in her home at the woods by her own values and this shows that human beings can exist without a set of values. Though human beings from a civilized world have their own set of values someone can live w ithout a set of values as they are determined by one’s environment and in the case of Nell lacked these values and still lived like other humans (Gazzaniga, 2008). It is possible that someone can be a human without learning how to love. Nell lived a life of solitude with no company apart from her own mother who later died hence learnt to live life without depending on anyone or sharing her feelings with anyone (Gazzaniga, 2008). She had been socialized by her mother to be cautious of men as her mother had once been raped by a man. She therefore existed without learning how to love as her home environment had no males around to socialize with. This is evidence by her experience with some boys at the pool where her ignorance and innocence is brought

Foreign Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foreign Policy - Research Paper Example From there, as regards the incumbent, a voter will decide if that president really did all he could do to achieve his promises to the American people. There, of course, can be extenuating circumstances as to why one or more goals were not achieved and this factor, or factors, should also be taken into consideration for the overall summary. Barack Obama and his administration have delivered most of the promises made four years ago, and for not kept, there are certainly circumstances that affect the American people, and Obama as well, that no one can do anything about. In choosing to support Obama’s foreign policy, the reason is that he has done the most of any recent presidents to bring peace between America and the rest of world, in so much as he has been able to do so. OUTLINE OF BARACK OBAMA’S FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESSES The Obama/Biden website shows how he has ended the war in Iraq, returning control and security to the people of Iraq so that they can conduct their affa irs on their own. While there are certainly still problems on the ground between Muslim sects, these are issues that must be controlled and solved by the ruling party of Iraq. At this point, it is not up to America to rule this country or to provide more help in the way of troops and arms. Those that the Americans military have trained, are now fully sufficient to take care of matters on their own. Obama has kept his promise to bring home the troops in Iraq and this has brought peace to Iraq (Barack Obama web). Living in the Middle East, the consequences of his influence is plain to see in how he has helped to promote peace through several countries when he has supported the overthrow of dictators’ regimes, leaders who have terrorized their people for decades. He has gone out of his way to promote cordial relationships with new leaders and encourage and supported the new regimes put in place by each country’s people. From there, he does not interfere further with a cou ntry’s politics but instead, supports from afar, what new regimes are trying to do for their people (Barack Obama web). Governor Mitt Romney, however, while promoting peace also, would be more inclined to put troops on the ground should the occasion arise. This creates the potential for another possible war, which no one wants. Romney also stands very firmly on the position of the red line which is held on Iran, a potential spot for nuclear development, and Romney has indicated he would go to war should Iran bomb Israel. While Obama will be cutting defense expenditures, Romney intends to eliminate that action and instead, double the money to the military to make sure they have everything they need. It is not clear how he would get the money however (Arquilla web). Other points to be made here is that Obama has set the deadline for American troops in Afghanistan to come home in 2013 and currently has also had American troops teach local Afghan troops how to use and bear arms s o that they, too, will also be the peacekeepers in Afghanistan, much as those in Iraq currently are. Al-Qaeda has been significantly weakened in the Middle East since the beginning of the Iraqi war, allowing for the peoples here in many countries to experience freedom in living their daily lives. (Barack Obama web). Obama has also met with many of the leaders in the Middle East to help promote the end of nuclear weapons, particularly where Iran and North Korea are

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Example for Free

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay Abstract In general, since mankind started translation activities, the study of translation has never ceased. Discussions about translation have become so frequent that various translation theories have been formed gradually in Chinese. In this paper, Habermas’s theory of communicative action reinterpreting the concept of the understanding of translation studies, and Translation to indicate this special form of cross-cultural communication in how to effectively interpret metaphor. Keywords: theory of communicative action; metaphor comprehension; translation 1. Introduction Translation is a metaphor of language as the carrier of the cross-cultural communication activities, but also a language that will carry the message to another language to the inter subjectivity of communicative action. Inter subjectivity of communicative action for the research, after Germany modern philosopher Habermass theory of communicative action (Theory of Communication Action) opened the door for people new window. The theory is  swelling in different philosophical ideas and views to choose based on the creation of a complex, multifaceted rational alliance system, it understood as the core language, based on critical theory of the financial community, general pragmatics, social evolution theory as a unified framework. 2. Under the theory of communicative action the concept of translation studies to understand 2. 1 Translation studies in the new way AC Zhu act theory. Translation Studies from the traditional structural linguistics semantic stage to stage, the development of transmission 90 to the 20th century deconstruction of the stage, after a lengthy process. Semantic translation of the traditional paradigm by the impact of the classical theory of knowledge, that man is the soul, the understanding of the object is totally dependent on the translators subjective feelings, emphasizing the translators understanding and inspiration, emphasis on spirit and Transformation, had gained the so-called flash in the pan. Because it is too much emphasis on the translators initiative to make this cross-cultural communication activities translate into a mystical practice. 80 years of the 20th century, structural linguistics in China set off a new upsurge in Translation Studies. People started to pay attention the text, try to use linguistic analysis methods instead of intuitive feeling that in the complicated hidden behind the words of a universal and regularities, as long as it can control the expression of all, making the translation into a simple mechanical operation, that is, the semantics of a target language are stored in the source language and regulations put a rule in the semantic content of thought into the preparation of. Obviously, such a tool and went to the other extreme too much emphasis on language as the object of the role of law, then followed by the fierce criticism of the ideological trend. Deconstruction gives people a new way of thinking. It broke structure, deconstruction of the system so that the provisions of one dollar to diversify the situation, the logical name translation from the language of Sri Lanka fetters doctrine, but still it will be translated once again into the irrational, too much publicity consciousness, so that interpretation becomes an infinite delay activity, the understanding and exchanges between people seems to have become impossible. How to overcome this ideology of intolerance, effective language as medium of intercultural communication activities? I believe that the use of Habermass theory of communicative action, for the translation of research to find a new way of reason. 2. 2 Translation understands the concept of re-interpretation. A French translator said: The translation is to understand and make people understand. Building understanding is the cornerstone of translation is the first step in the process of translation, not a good understanding of the translation step. When we think the theory of communicative action has opened a new translation of the windows, it is necessary to understand the concept of re-interpretation. Habermas believes that the language as a medium of social interaction, verbal communication to understand each other, or far from effective communication. Communicative action in the language, that language, the analysis can be regulated. Each speech acts and statements have the effect the dual structure. Purposes of section as the main statement, in the communication layer between the main body; and vice statement as part of statement, in the main contents of the table between the layers. Part of the implementation of speech acts in a decisive role, because it limits the relationship between language and the listener, but also the meaning of the Statute of the contents of the statement. The two structures in the speech act are interdependent. Sometimes words that are a part of which may be stressed, but it does not mean denying other part, but it only temporarily relegated to a secondary position. For example, my phone battery died, the phrase, seemed to be merely stating the fact that mobile phone battery is dead, but in fact it implies a variety of behavioral significance; ? because the battery died, so I just did not pick up the phone; ? I must go recharge; ? I will not carry a cell phone and with PHS, the PHS something please call me. This is the hidden part of the implementation of, According to the specific situation; it would serve the purposes of this or that effect. Searle that the idea of the original speaker, or intrinsic intentionality is converted to words, statements, signs, symbols, etc. , these words, statements, signs, symbols meaningful to speak out if they have a From the speakers thoughts in the derived intentionality. They not only have the traditional linguistic sense, but also with the intention of the speakers meaning. This is undoubtedly the words of Habermas and similar to the dual structure theory. Accordingly on the significance of understanding is also necessary to double the corresponding division. Understand a word should be divided into two to look at the presentation layer is the known what on the issue, and in the communication layer is the know-how of the problem. Know -what is the statement that those who understand how to reach such a clear knowledge and understanding that it can acquire the knowledge; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him to be able to understand semantics, syntax, rules, line up the words, statements, mark the symbol what constitutes the meaning. know how is the statement that those who have the ability to construct or implement the ability of this speech act is an implicit awareness of the rules; from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him who can understand the speech of this implicit awareness of the rules. In this dual understanding, understanding of the content of verbal expression is an understanding (know-what), but to those who truly grasp the inner speech must enter double intentionality level understanding (know-how), that is part of the implementation of the understanding. Therefore, understanding can not be stuck in the form of a priori judgments must be reached in the communication process. to understand the goal is to guide a recognition that the sharing of knowledge, trust each other, the two international interdependence consistent with the subjective. It not only includes the traditional understanding of linguistic expressions, but also in connection with each other that the normative discourse related to the correctness of the background, and between the two main some kind of coordination , and the two participants in the process of communication is something the world to reach understanding, and the intention to make himself understood each other. 3. Metaphors Habermass theory of communicative action on the construction of translation studies methodology has the macro guidance of translation practice is also instructive significance? View of the Newmark said, metaphor translation is a microcosm of all the language translation, because translation to the translation of metaphor methods were showing a wide range of choices: either transfer its meaning, or reshape its image, or a modification of their, or their meaning and image of the perfect combination. The following instructions will use the metaphor theory of communicative action in cross-cultural communication The Interpretation of. Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use in the Dictionary not found in metaphor. Metaphor from the modern point of view of science should be in the form of metaphor with the exception, belong to different categories in the semantics, logic dislocation, resulting in a semantic conflict, and when the listeners have responded to the conflict, it generates a metaphorical sense, that is a metaphor to understand the words. For the metaphor of the operating mechanism, it was actually made such a description: Metaphor involves two different areas (areas) concept; the production of metaphorical meaning is the result of the interaction between the two concepts. This interaction by mapping the way in the mapping process, belonging to a related concept and structure of the field was transferred to another area, the final after the formation of a new synthesis of conceptual structure, that is, metaphorically. And this mapping and integration process is based on two areas of similarity in some respects. This is no doubt that the understanding of the need to double by metaphor. The process of understanding metaphors consist of two parts: the identification and metaphorical meaning metaphors inference. In fact this is a secondary level of understanding into the process of understanding. Give an example of people often referred to The tongue is a fire , from the presentation layer of understanding (an understanding), tongue by the American Heritage Dictionary defines this way: the fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing, and swallowing, and, in human beings,, important organ of speech . We can say that the tongue is an important organ as the human body, the first and most vertebrates have the same taste and chew and auxiliary swallowing function, in addition to, or who have speech capabilities important language organ. to the basic meaning of the center, tongue behind the formation of the word meaning a large collection: it can mean something shaped like a tongue, such as tongue of flame (flame), guiding tongue (rail-oriented switch rail), switch tong (switch to copper), can also refer to human speech acts and speech capabilities, for example, hold ones tongue (keep silent), lose ones tongue (lose the capacity to speak, as from shock). The other key words in the speech act of fire, in the American Heritage Dictionary can be found in the following definition; a rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is accompanied not flame.  the same , the meaning behind it can be found in the collection, such as, cooking fire (cooking fire), forest fire (forest fire), wild fire (wildfires), the fire of cannon fire), and other specific forms of the fire. You can also find other meaning, such as the boy is full of fire (which decided the boy is very warm and excited), He was on fire for mismanagement (because of poor management and blamed). When the tongue and the fire both carry the meaning of their huge collection of words is embedded in the basic language of A is B frame (sentence) to go when the logical relationship between the two on the adoption of is, to interact. Is used to denote a equivalents. it literally, or change a point of view, the presentation layer from the listeners understanding of the term should be reasoning as follows: the tongue is a fire . is meaning that the two sets is in some ways equivalent. However, we are both from the above understanding of the meaning of the word of view, they clearly belong to two different categories, among them with a `is connected, the the equivalent of conventional logic does not work, so from the presentation layer, we can identify this is a metaphor, thus completing the first part of understanding metaphors. When the listener is clear that to use metaphorical language behavior, the expressed will of the true meaning of metaphors to infer, that understanding will enter the second stage of course, understand the purposes of this part of speech acts, understanding the original speakers thoughts, or inner intention. Can be assumed that if The tongue is a fire is said to give an artist is accused by the media to listen to, then the speaker or may contain a sympathetic glance report of intention. Artists are always much media attention, due to For various reasons, may be one-sided media, the exaggerated reports of certain facts, and spread such a report will be turned into a stumbling news and rumors, they will more or less to the artist himself or his cause to bring a number of trouble. The context is the equivalent of the tongue and the fire provides a logical possibility: the tongue the language of human organs the words of the act media coverage people reported adverse reactions (Wei news and rumors) to the artists themselves or their cause trouble (damage to reputation or hinder the cause of development), the fire will shine the chemical substances excessive light and heat of fire, destroying things, or even result in death, so that both the destruction of the found a similar function, logical reasoning tenable. The tongue is a fire means a variety of popular artists and no shortage of opinions and statements in the news or rumors coffee, they may attack their personality, or even because of their presence, the company lifted the employment relationship, or no one would dare ask this artistes. So we have reason to infer that the speaker is the issue of Renyankewei sigh, or cautioned entertainers say and pay attention to their own to avoid capture by the media hype after which her career. At this point, the listener to complete the original speech act of an effective understanding, guiding the listener and the speaker of some sort of recognition. Complete understanding of metaphor, must be made through an understanding (understanding of the content of verbal expression) to reach two to understand (the intrinsic intentionality of the speech understanding of those). In the same language system is the case, between systems in different languages should be so, because only then can an effective cross-cultural exchanges. How should we operate on the self-evident metaphor translation, or the preservation of the source language metaphor, or metaphor replaces the target language, or to have the target language  dominance feasibility, as long as it helps the reader to complete the intention of listening comprehension. 3. 1 Preservation of the source language metaphor. When the Metaphor and figurative language and translation in the source completely or substantially the same language, the metaphor for the body of the source language, target language readers will have to listen to listen to readers of the source language similar to the psychological Lenovo, and complete understanding of similar intent, target language are advised to preserve the source language metaphor. such as: Links to Research (1) He is the only foxes. English fox, fox and Chinese refer to the same animal, when it was used as that person when they contain cunning in Italy, even listen to the reader and writer, said in a different language systems and cultural background, it can effectively understand the implementation of the partial speech act: be careful of this man, he is cunning. Another example: (2) think tank think tank Think tank in the Chinese culture does not exist in, but the library in Chinese culture, store things in the middle, so even though the people in Chinese culture has not been recognized with the library to describe the characteristics of thought The collection, but this library of knowledge to guide on English culture think tank , the identity, so library This Vehicle can save down. After all, this cross-cultural communication, we can not underestimate the listen to the readers understanding, not to deprive them of their understanding of rights. In the translation process, in order to achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and sometimes need to work to preserve the source language metaphor, that metaphor at the same time preserve the source language to make the appropriate explanation. Such as: (3) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production. (Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844) If the complete cessation of growth in annual production, what the situation is going to do? Like Achilles heel, as this will be the Achilles heel of capitalist production.

History of Hospitality Essay Example for Free

History of Hospitality Essay Hospitality is the extension of home like services to persons other than of one’s household or immediate relative. Hospitality involves treating strangers and guests to warm welcome into strangers’ homes. Hospitality brings people who rarely know each other together. Hospitality is traced back to as early as human existence is known. The most intelligent of human evolution, the homo sapient was identified as indicating hospitality traits. The seventeenth century in the British culture had evidence of hospitality traits, (O’Connor, 2005). The face of hospitality though has changed over the centuries to what it is today. The emphasis of persons being hospitable towards fellow people has been relaxed and only a few institutions are left to practice it. Hospitality today is not much to be practiced by everyone but by a few who are deemed to naturally possess this quality as a gift. For there to be an in depth understanding of what is entailed in hospitality, a review of the ancient definition’s and motive of hospitality is necessary. This will help us determine whether the principles on which hospitality was founded have changed over time. Among the Greeks, hospitality was viewed as a sacred activity to honor their gods and thus the whole society was obliged to be hospitable (O’Gorman, 2005). Failure to extend hospitable attitudes towards guests or strangers invited the wrath of the supernatural. Greek and Roman Societies Hospitality was thought of as transferable from generation to generation. The virtue was not only a personal choice but was also applied in public affairs. Different types of guests were received at treated variously according to their status, (O’Gorman, 2005). Traders were received differently from cultural visitors. Hospitality was exercised even at national level where state or city guests were received with honour and dignity. Commercial hospitality was rare in the early Greek civilization. In the Roman culture, hospitality was expected to be an exercise of all pennons and it was more pronounced in the Greek society. Public hospitality was exercised by Rome and other countries. Hospitality is traceable even in religious writings like the Bible. Some fundamental principles are evident from the studies of early hospitality. Underlying Principles Hospitality was viewed as necessary for human existence. Because no person was immune to requiring hospitality services at some time, there was an obligation for all to be hospitable. Hospitality established and maintained relationships which cultivated togetherness. Hospitality was further viewed as an honorable tradition deserving passing from one generation to another. Being hospitable was to be practiced all through irrespective of changes in the world. Hospitality by then was stratified in that particular groups of person were accorded different treatment according to their social standing. The extent of the different groups of guests required that laws be established to govern this. This indicates that hospitality was highly valued in these early societies. There was an unwritten law that hospitality, once extended to a person, one had to respond by extending it to others. This ensured its continuity. In the ancient set up also, hospitality was used to gain honour for persons exercising it. The more a person is involved with receiving guests and strangers into their households, the more respected they became in the society. Emphasis was laid on domestic hospitality in which guests were welcomed in households. Hospitality Today The face of hospitality has evidently changed today. The society lays little emphasis in reception of visitors or strangers at large. Domestic hospitality today is a rare phenomenon. Today’s society treats strangers with suspicion and it therefore becomes harder for people to extend hospitality. With the growing security concerns, strangers are more likely to be shunned in the suspicion that they have malicious intentions. This is more so for the developed countries where homes are fenced to lock out intruders and sensors installed to man the compound. Commercialization The society today has commercialized hospitality services to the extent that it has lost its meaning. Hospitality is exercised only when the host stands to gain financially from the guest. The building of luxurious hotels across the world emphasizes this. Rarely would a sizeable town lack accommodation facilities for guests or people in transit. Without any gain from hosting these people, such hospitality centers would be inexistent. The commercialization of hospitality has further sidelined those needing the services from receiving them. Before a guest is booked into these hotels it has to be ascertained that they are able to pay accommodation fees. Guests are also required to produce many documents to identify themselves and at times, they are required to state their motives. Some guests are turned away if the hosts doubt them. The personalized sympathetic contact between a host and guest has been lost long the way (Dittmer, 1997). Suspicion Today also extension of kindness is raise suspicion. When persons become so hospitable even in the commercial facilities, the guest realizes that their hosts must be after favours. There are standard ways of showing hospitality in the commercial facilities and all workers and obliged to follow them. But when they do more than is required, guests become wary. This is in contrast with the traditional view where acts of hospitality were interpreted as well intended. Public Hospitality Public hospitality as exercised in the past was to build relationships between cities or states. The representatives of states were sent to foreign nations to foster better relations. Such persons were supposed to be received well in alien land. Failure to receive them with dignity and respect was regarded as abuse to their native lands. Today this principle is largely applied. Countries send their representatives to foreign lands to build friendships and also negotiate deals. These representatives are received in well built guest houses set apart for this very purpose. Reception of these people with great dignity is interpreted as friendliness towards countries (Hobbs, 2001). In businesses, there are established hospitality dockets which accord certain levels of treatment to their guests. A cup of tea is offered and some companies offer more. This is an extension of the past trends of building relationships thorough hospitality. A deviation from past hospitality trends lies in today’s detachment of the virtue with religion. In the past, hospitality was largely viewed as a religious obligation. With the developments in the science world, religious issues have progressively lost much meaning to some people. This removes personal obligation on individuals to be hospitable. It shows the extent to which modern society has abandoned collective responsibility to care for strangers leaving it in the hands of the commercial institutions (Hobbs, 2001). Hospitality is a virtue that every reason should exercise. The emphasis should not be resented to commercial facilities along but just as it was the practice traditionally, it is everyone’s responsibility to ensure guests and strangers are comfortable. The society today should redefine hospitality to what it used to be. Bibliography Dittmer, P. (1997) Early Development of the Hospitality Industry. Dimensions of the Hospitality Industry, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. , pp. 33-77. O’Gorman, K (2005) Modern Hospitality: Lessons from the Past. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 12 (2), pp. 141-151. Hobbs, T (2001) Hospitality in the First Testament and the ‘Teleological Fallacy’’. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 26, (1), pp. 3-30. OConnor, D (2005) Towards a new interpretation of hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17, (3), pp. 267-271.

The Kelvin equation

The Kelvin equation The Kelvin equation relates the vapour pressure of a liquid to the effect of surface curvature i.e. a meniscus with radius. The equation illustrates that due to the surface tension and the surface being larger than the volume, there is much higher evaporation rate for smaller droplet liquids when compared to that of larger droplets. ln(P/P0 ) = 2?Vm /rRT The Kelvin equation also shows that smaller particles exhibits higher solubility than larger particles. This occurs because of much greater pressure inside the droplet than outside and therefore gas diffusion can occur across the plateau borders of the droplet, weakening the walls (from high to low pressure). The vapour pressure of that over the droplet of water of radius r and inside a bubble in water at a specific temperature could be calculated using the Kelvin equation below. KELVIN EQUATION PARAMETERS P: Actual vapour pressure P0: Saturated vapour pressure Surface tension of liquid MW: Molecular weight r: Radius Density R: Universal gas constant (8.314 J K-1 mol-1) T: Temperature in Kelvin The Kelvin equation has a variety of significant effects as it provides clarifications for such phenomena including supersaturation of vapours, superheating, Ostwald ripening and capillary condensation. This effect is known as Kelvin effect and also Gibbs-Kelvin effect or Gibbs-Thomson effect. (Barnes 2005) Supersaturation The effect on the Kelvin equation could be explained in terms of supersaturation of vapour. The term of supersaturation refers to the state in which a solution has overly dissolved material than that of a saturated solution. Supersaturation could also be referred to the compounds vapour having greater partial pressure than that of the vapour pressure of the compound. In the solid form, the small particles can lead to crystallites or large single crystals formation. In a polydisperse suspension the material will dissolve until it has reached its saturated level at that temperature. When the sample is stored, the temperature will fluctuate slightly regardless of storage location. For example, if the sample is stored in the fridge, the temperature could vary and so the temperature of suspension could increase leading to a rise in saturation level allowing smaller particles to further dissolve until a new saturation level is reached. When the temperature drops, the suspension is affected in terms of consisting more than usual of the dissolved species. The new concentration is described as supersaturation. The remaining dissolved species would precipitate back on all the particles, the smaller particles preferentially dissolve and so larger particles having a coat will enlarge. Hence, supersaturated solutions are a result because of alteration of the saturated solution, i.e. temperature, volume or pressure. Some examples of supersaturation are beer and carbonated water. Water is able to dissolve a lot of carbon dioxide than at atmospheric pressure, which happens at the elevated pressure in bottle. At the state of atmospheric pressure, the escape of the carbon dioxide gas from the supersaturated liquid is quite slow. This process is advanced by the existence of small bubbles which is caused by shaking the product. Rock candy Rock candy is a type of confectionery mineral composed of relatively large sugar crystals. The candy is formed by allowing a supersaturated solution of sugar and water to crystallize onto a surface suitable for crystal nucleation, such as a string or stick In the phenomenon of superheating, the homogeneous substance without boiling is heated at a temperature in which is greater than the liquids normal boiling point. In order for a vapour bubble to expand and consequently burst at the surface (to boil), the temperature heating must be highly sufficient (raised above the boiling point) that the vapour pressure will go beyond the atmospheric pressure. (Patrick 2006) An insufficient temperature that is below will cause the vapour bubble to decrease and so disappear. However, in terms of superheating, the liquid is seen that it does not boil despite having the vapour pressure exceeding the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the surface tension restrains the growth of the bubbles. Boiling chips which are also known as boiling stones or anti-bumping granules are purposely added to the liquid to make boiling easier without the liquid becoming superheated. They are small and insoluble porous stones composing of calcium carbonate or silicon carbide. Inside the stones, they have pores that allow cavities to trap air and supply spaces in which the solvent bubbles can develop (nucleation sites i.e. formation of the vapour bubbles in on cavities). When there is an addition of boiling chips to a solvent and is heated, it would release very small bubbles. These tiny bubbles prevent bumping, loss of solution and hence allows liquid to boil easier without being superheated. Without the addition of boiling chips in a solvent, the heated liquid could be defined as superheated, an unstable state and therefore would be able to release a quantity of bubble of gas all of a sudden or perhaps violently. As a consequence of the sudden expel of vapour from the container of the liquid, it could lead to from ruining of the experiment to causing harsh burns. Ostwald ripening In regards to droplets that are spherical and being in contact with their vapour, the two radii situated in the liquid phase are equal and so maintain positive signs. Therefore in reference to the Kelvin equation, the droplets vapour pressure will be higher than the same liquid with a flat surface. An example is that for a radius of water droplet of 10nm, the increase in vapour pressure is approximately 10%. The smaller the droplets radius, the greater the vapour pressure. (Barnes 2005) For instance, in the case a polydispersion system (droplets with different sizes), the smaller particles has the tendency to dissolve (i.e. have greater solubility) or evaporate attaching themselves onto the surface of the larger ones, leading the larger particles to continue to grow with time but the smaller particles disappearing. This spontaneous process known as Ostwald ripening was first recognised in 1896 by Wilhelm Ostwald. (Ostwald 1896) A real life effect of the Kelvin equation occurs in clouds in which the larger droplets grow expecting to be heavy enough to fall as rain. Similarly, this process also exists for crystals contained in solutions. The larger crystals will tend to grow rather than the smaller ones resulting in a process of Ostwald ripening. This process is an important ageing effect occurring in any polydisperse systems. It could be observed in foams, emulsions as well as aqueous sols. (Adamson 1990) In terms of foam instability, the reason of instability could be due to Ostwald ripening. The Ostwald ripenings driving force arises because of the variation of Laplace pressure between bubbles of unequal size that is the smaller and larger foam bubbles. (Barnes 2005) The smaller bubbles having a greater gas pressure than the larger bubbles causes an effect on the foam stability. For the period of foam storage, the bubbles rise in the gravity field to the top of the liquid due to the large density existing between the liquid and the gas phases. From here, they shape a loosely closed-packed or honeycomb like structure from which the liquid drains forming foam that turns out to be dryer. The thin films created can collapse due to gravity and causing coalescence of bubbles. When increased of gas solubility with pressure happens, gas between bubbles are able to diffuse from the smaller to the larger bubbles. A large bubble in the foam that is surrounded by smaller bubbles could ultimately cause a big hole in the structure of the foam. (Hubbard 2002) Ostwald ripening is the cause of foam instability when a larger pressure difference of foam bubbles that are spherical cam be seen. In the case of polyhedral foam (with planar liquid lamella), the foam bubbles pressure difference is not great and so foam instability is not because of the Ostwald process. (Tadros 2005) Since the surface of the bubble behaves like viscoelastic behaviour, the process of Ostwald ripening in foam bubbles could be reduced by addition of a gas that is only soluble in the liquid. As a result of this process, it also has an effect of decreasing of specific surface area in time due to the highly soluble particles. (Lyklema 2005) The Ostwald ripening is important as it is used to increase the efficiency in both industrial and analytical filtration. (Barnes 2005) Capillary Condensation The Kelvin effect can also be observed in terms of capillary condensation due to the existence of a curvature, a meniscus. Capillary condensation arises because of the vapours adsorption in a capillary which creates a liquid surface with tiny radius of curvature. (Fisher 2002) The liquids vapour pressure being lower than that of the same liquid with a flat surface is a consequence of the radii being positioned in the vapour phase. If the actual vapour pressure is greater than the vapour pressure calculated from using the Kelvin equation for the curved surface than condensation would likely to occur. The actual vapour pressure for a flat surface may possibly be lower than its saturation vapour pressure. (Patrick 2006) As the capillary filled by capillary condensation occurs, immediately a meniscus is generated (which depends on the liquids surface tension) at the liquid-vapour interface enabling the equilibrium to be under the Psat (saturation vapour pressure). At low vapour pressure, the liquid condenses in smaller radius of the capillary. As the vapour pressure increases, further condensation of the liquid at the larger radius capillary is filled causing the radius of the meniscus to increase (capillary becoming full). The Kelvin equation implies that the Pv/Psat rises inside a capillary and the meniscus radius will further expand causing a creation of more flat surface. Hence, the vapour condensation is able to occur smoothly over the range of vapour pressures. For any liquid-vapour interface involving a meniscus, the Kelvin equation therefore relates the change between the equilibrium vapour pressure and the saturation vapour pressure. Capillary condensation as an important factor, is significant by means in both naturally and synthetic occurring porous structures. These structures allow scientists to recognize the concept of capillary condensation to determine pore size distribution as well as surface area through adsorption isotherms. (Barnes, 2005) References Adamson, W 1990, Physical chemistry of surfaces, 5th edn, John Wiley Sons, Canada Barnes, G.T 2005, Interfacial science, Ist edn, Oxford University press, United States CUBoulder Organic Chemistry, 2007, Boiling Chips, viewed 28 March, 2010 Economic expert, 2010, Supersaturation, viewed 28 March, 2010 Farlex, 2010, Kelvin equation, the free encyclopedia viewed 25 March, 2010, Fisher, LR Israelachvili JN 2002, Colloid Interfacial science, 3rd edn, Elsevier LTD, United States Gordon, M 1988, Physical Chemistry, 5th edn, McGraw-Hill, United States Hiemenz, CP 1997, Principles of Colloid and Surface, 3rd edn, Marcel Dekker, United States Hubbard, T 2002, Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science: Por Z, 2nd edn, Marcel Dekker, New York Lyklema, J 2005, Fundamentals of interface and colloid science, 2nd edn, Academic press, London, vol. 2, p. 24 Ostwald, W 1896. Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Chemie, vol. 2, part 1. Leipzig, Germany. Sinko, PJ 2006, Martins physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 5th edn, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia Tadros, F.T 2005, Applied Surfactants: principles and application 4th edn, edn, Wiley-VCH, Germany. The engineering toolbox, 2005, Introduction to vapor and steam, viewed 28 March, 2010, UBC Chemistry Department, 2002, Boiling Chips, viewed 28 March, 2010 Uci education, 2005, Boiling point and distillation, RDG, viewed 28 March, 2010 https://eee.uci.edu/programs/hongchem/RDGbpdostill.pdf

The Existence of Intelligent Life Essay -- Extraterrestrial Intelligen

The Existence of Intelligent Life Bertrand Russell wrote, "There are two possibilities. Maybe we are alone. Maybe we are not. Both are equally frightening (Jakosky 1)." The question of life in the universe is one that leaves many in a state of bewilderment. It becomes even more interesting when it leads to another question -- that of intelligent life in the universe. Finding other intelligent civilizations among the interstellar space would greatly affect every aspect of our existence. Conversely, not finding such a civilization would force us to examine the purpose of our own existence. To help answer the question, astronomers and scientists set up a program in search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This program, or SETI, was set up to verify, by observation that extraterrestrial life does exist. SETI tries to prove this by picking up and analyzing radio signals by means of satellites and advanced computers (Heidmann 116). The history of the SETI program is quite interesting. It started back in 1959 with the help of two famous Cornell University physicists, Guiseppi Cocconi and Phil Morrison. Both claimed that it would be possible to communicate with other potential extraterrestrial life in space by the use of techniques used in radio astronomy (Heidmann 112). Together, they voiced their belief that if other "alien astronomers" elsewhere in the universe possessed radio telescopes, that it would be possible to converse between the two (Heidmann 112-113). A young astronomer by the name of Francis Drake agreed with the theories of Cocconi and Morrison. He proposed building a radio receiver in order to listen for waves of sound being transmitted through space. It wasn't until the spring of 1960 that Dra... ...sity Press, 1992. 2. Jakosky, Bruce. The Search for Life on Other Planets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 3. Kahney, Leander. "A Search for Intelligent Searchers." Wired News (1999). 29 January 2000 *http://www.nitehawk.com/rasmit/*. 4. Hipschma, Ron. " The Problem -- Mountains of Data." How SETI @Home Works (1999). 29 January 2000 http://www.nitehawk.com/rasmit/. 5. "Project Omar." SETI Institute. 1999. SETI Institute. 28 January 2000 http://www.seti.org/science/ozma.html. 6. "History of SETI." SETI Institute. 1999. SETI Institute. 29 January 2000 http://www.seti.org/general/history.html. 7. "The Optical SETI Resource for Planet Earth." The Columbus Optical SETI Observatory. 1999. Columbus Observatory. 27 January 2000 http://www.coseti.org/. 8. Ward, Peter. Interview with Lori Stokes. The Debate Over Life Beyond Earth. MSNBC. 10 Feb. 2000.

Argumentative Essay: Gun Control Violates the Second Amendment :: Constituton Bill Rights Right To Bear Arms

Few issues incite americans more than the issue of rising crime and violence. This problem can easily be linked to the availability of guns."The debate over whether guns are a hallowed tradition and a right guaranteed by the Second Ammendment of the U.S.constitution or whether they are a fearful danger contributing to crime and violence." ("gun control") Due to the outbreak of violence in our society, some people feel that repealing the Second Ammendment would solve the problem. These people feel that repealing the Second Ammendment would solve the problem. These people feel that there are two reasons for the repeal; One is the rising of violence among teenagers, the second reason is their interpertation of the Second Ammendment which could be considered a strict one. The side opposing these views use arguments like how it would be immpossible to repeal the Second Ammendment, and a long western civilizations history with a right to bear arms. Finally one can see the conflict of views dealing with the Second Ammenment, but one would also see that repealing the ammendment wouldn't solve the problem facing our society. The contriversy of this issue that has the potential to pulverise this country is why it is such a good topic to discuss, people should be better informed and make a decision based on fact and not fiction. Many advocates of the limitations of guns can quote numerous examples of increasing violence and homicide crimes. But the area which hits the closest to home is the issue of violence among the teenagers of our society. The years have changed on how students deal with their problems "Twenty-five or thirty years ago, when teenage boys got into a fight... it usually meant a fist fight. In more and more neighborhoods... it now means a shoot out" ("Gun Control"320). Violence like that is a major problem on our streets and even in our schools. Almost everywhere now "youngsters are packing weapons, Some are involved in drugs or gangs; others carry them for self-defense... One study says at least one in every three male juveniles is armed"(Muller 2). Now more than ever before an "increasing number of children under the age of 18 arrested each year for murder has jumped 55% in the past decade,... Juvenile arrests for aggravated assault are rising dramatically" (Henkoff 2). The results of this rising trend in violence has led to the release of a "center for disease center reports that since 1988, American teenage boys have been more likely to die from gunshot wounds than from... All other natural diseases" ("Gun Control" 83).

The College Rioting Problem Essay -- Journalism Journalistic Essays

The College Rioting Problem It’s a frigid January night, and the home team just won the big game so hundreds of college students pour out into the streets. The celebration begins with cheers and hugs, but quickly the tone begins to change. The drunken crowd continues to grow, blocking the streets with thousands of students and young adults. Fires are started, women bare their breasts, cars are flipped, and property destroyed as the celebration becomes a destructive riot. This recent phenomenon sweeping college campuses throughout the nation has been titled â€Å"celebratory rioting,† when a large-scale celebration turns into a violent mob. Celebratory riots are characterized by the fact that they involve a large unruly group under the influence of alcohol with no political goals or understood focus for the violence. The rational of this campus craze has left many school administrators, city officials, and students perplexed. â€Å"I just don’t understand it†¦We had alcohol in my day but this wasn’t happening,† said Ed Klotzbier, Northeastern University's Vice President of Student Affairs. To investigate the issue, he has set up a Community Building Task Force at Northeastern University. A board of student leaders, professors, and administrators sit on the Community Building Task Force at Northeastern to present short-term ways to control rioting as well as long-term courses of change to better the university and community relations and bring an end to the rioting trend. In 2002 and 2004 students crowded out of their buildings after the Patriots won the Super Bowl and a small group caused destruction to city property and cars near the Northeastern campus. â€Å"We are the sheltered generation†¦we feel like we have no control over what we d... ...† The five-hour event at the Curry Student Center created a forum for students to share ideas about changing the campus climate to create a more unified campus. Students also discusses reasons for and possible solutions to the rioting craze. In the week following the riots Michael Romano, who was then President of the Student Government Association, set up a six-person panel to answer student questions, in light of criticism by the city. "I think a lot of student leaders have felt really frustrated that this event was a reflection of the integrity and the character of all the students," Romano told the Northeastern News at the time. Though the rioting problem at Northeastern has not become a common weekend event, the school is taken many steps to stop the abhorrent behavior, understand the phenomenon and build a stronger community for students and area residents.

Career Goals Paper Essay

Understanding family behavior and the dynamics of the working relationship would be keys in this field. Also, helping the less fortunate and guiding them through tough times would make a huge impact in today’s society. Plus, making the world better for children, and making sure children are fed and educated would be wonderful. Figure 1. 1 Key factors in my scores (refer to figure 1. ) to multiple pathways of learning include the following that will prove helpful in my studies at University of Phoenix: 1. Bodily Kinesthetic: I scored a 20 on this scale. Being able to use my hands when learning will be most beneficial for me throughout my studies. For instance, writing down key terms and walking around when reading my textbook would be my ideal study situation. Moving fingers under words while reading will assist me in comprehending the material. Also, learning by doing would also be preferable in this type of intelligence. Applying the concepts learned to real life situations would make learning more enjoyable for me. 2. Verbal-Linguistic: Scoring a 19 on this scale references my ability to learn through communication through language (listening, reading, writing, and speaking). Reading text and limiting highlighting would create an active learning environment when studying. Rewriting notes will help me remember what is being learned throughout the course. Also, being able to remember terms easily will help me gain a larger vocabulary of psychological terms. Discussing topics that interest me, such as abnormal psychology, will also play a huge part in my learning the discipline. 3. Intrapersonal: This was the highest scoring intelligence being a 21. Having a quiet place to study and think with no interruptions is a beneficial learning environment for me. This tells me that I prefer to think about issues before discussing them. Being interested in self improvement is a factor in this scale; improving me is my number one goal. 4. Interpersonal: My score for this intelligence was a 19. Knowing when enough is enough, and to step away from the situation is essential. * Attitude: Keeping a positive attitude never hurts anyone. Being confident in my ability to earn this degree will keep me on track. * Staying Motivated: Never lose sight of my main motivators. Knowing that a good career is possible after obtaining my degree keeps me focused. * Prioritizing: Never wait till the last minute to finish a project/assignment. Keeping on track with my assignments is essential for my success. Working on projects a little bit each day reduces stress. Procrastination is the enemy! Going back to school later in life is a huge challenge; however, I feel that the dividends will pay off in the long run. My ultimate goal is to be a lifelong learner. When your brain rests; it rusts. Learning does not have to stop after obtaining a degree; learning goes on throughout your entire life span. Becoming a college professor is my ultimate goal; giving back the gift of knowledge and making an influence is my dream. Actually, this paper taught me a very important lesson: You get out of education what you put into it. Never take a good education for granted and never stop learning.

David Brooks -One Nation Slight Divisible Essay

Brooks discussed the differences between the two groups. He described how â€Å"Red America† was made up of farmers and rural communities, while â€Å"Blue America† consisted of big cities with many stores and businesses. As Brooks looked at the red and blue sections of the electoral map, he was interested in the reasons behind the voting patterns. He chose two cities to represent these two sections: Franklin County in Pennsylvania for â€Å"Red America†, and Montgomery County in Maryland for â€Å"Blue America†. He lived in Montgomery county and spent time talking with different people in Franklin county. Brooks began to look deeper at the reasons for the differences between the two groups and wondered if America was really a united nation anymore. The first reason that Brooke considered was economics. He examined his theory that the rich and the poor have separated. The blue states had higher incomes, higher end stores, and jobs. Brooks asked people if they agreed that money was   what had divided the U.S. Although most people greed with that statement, most did not consider themselves the people with less, and it was the ones with less that seemed more content with what they had. As he spent more and more time with the people, he found that it was really not money that split the nation. . The next idea he had was religion. He found that the percentage of people involved in religion was higher in red states. There were more churches in Franklin, and more people attended a weekly religious service. Even with these statistics, Brooks again found it was not religion. He found there were still †bad people† and problems in both cities. Yes there were differences, but the differences didn’t seem to be enough to divide the nation. The final hypothesis Brooks dove into was self. Brooks saw that in â€Å"Red America† there was less striving to be unique and impress others. Humility was much more prevalent in the red states, while people in the blue states tended to place a larger focus on self. Brooke’s decided that this was a big difference, but not big enough to be the reason for division. After looking at all these thoughts, Brooks concluded that the U.S. is not divided, but instead it is a â€Å"Cafeteria Nation.† Brooks said that everyone has their own group to hang out with, just like what you would find in a school cafeteria. There may be differences between people, but in the end they all come together as a nation to help each other in times of trouble. Brooks used the example of 9/11, to demonstrate this principle and then concluded that our nation was not and is not divided after all.

Lady Macbeth’s language in Act 5 Scene1 and Act 5 Scene 1 Essay

Ambitious, enthusiastic and assertive are merely few of the words that describe Lady Macbeth, a woman so controlling she convince her husband to murder the king. She carefully plans it out, but her obsession leads to nightmares, and further on a brutal suicide. The Act 1 scene 5 opens with Lady Macbeth, reading out a letter sent to her from her husband, regarding the encounter he had with the three witches and what they had said about the prophecies, and that he would become king. She then begins her first soliloquy, this doesn’t just echo the witches prediction but also suggests how certain she is that the prophecies will come true ‘Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be/ what thou art promised.'(Lines 14-15) She shows signs of her exceptional language from the start, and she speaks in blank verse, she emphasizes her confidence and sense of purpose in carrying out the murder by using iambic pentameters ‘That I may pour my spirits in thine ear’ (line 25) she starts to build up her control and self-confidence, becoming so powerful she is more ambitious than her husband, the warrior of a great a army, but this is mainly because he is to soft-hearted, she uses the breast-feeding metaphor to describe this ‘too full of the milk of human kindness,'(line 16) This in contrast to her wish that she be the man that Macbeth isn’t, so that she could be in complete control, as the man is the one who is mainly in control, ‘unsex me here,’.(line 40) To emphasize her control of language and thought she uses balanced phrases between the lines ‘May read strange matters to beguile.'(Line 26) She is also easily able to change her state of mind that is extremely compatible depending on the situation she is in. Her double sided nature can switch easily can switch easily, obviously this can be seen by the audience but isn’t visible to the other characters. When the messenger enters the room, Lady Macbeth is still speaking of her plans on murdering King Duncan, and to avoid him understanding what she is saying she uses coded language and speaks in riddles, this also for fear that she is overheard and someone realizes what she is conjuring up for the future, ‘to catch the nearest way,'(line 17) While the messenger remains in the room the change in her character and her language is yet again visible, she stops using ostentatious and sophisticated words, and instead returns to her ordinary self . Another incident which took place while the messenger was in the room, was when she got angry, this was mainly because she feared that she wouldn’t have enough time to prepare and fully plan out the rest of the murder ‘Thou art mad to say it’ (line 31) Once again proving her ability to switch focus especially at the right time, ‘what is your tidings?'(Line 29) This also suggests how she is over powering the messenger and proving how authoritative she is. Her prevailing nature becomes so controlling that even tries dominating the evil spirits as she calls out for them ‘come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts!'(Lines 39-40) And to dominating Macbeth she uses persuasive flattery ‘Great Glamis! Worthy Cawdor!'(Line 53) And to demonstrate the control she has, not only over her husband but also over the entire situation, she uses imperatives, ‘look like the innocent flower’ (line 64) she has become her own woman and fully responsible over her every action, no longer does she need anyone to control her, on the contrary, she will control them, and she has already done so over her husband. She can also vary the tone and pace of her language, the dark side that slowly started devouring her after she called for the evil spirits soon takes effect on Lady Macbeth, she uses fricatives to expose this, they are all words that begin with the hard C sound, and this is how she establishes her second soliloquy. She uses the fricatives mainly so that it would sound as if the raven himself was speaking, Creaks, Come, Crown, Cruelty, etc†¦. Her role in the murder becomes so much more superior to that of her husband. Throughout the scene she enlightens us with her dominance and solid control, this is mainly conveyed through the way she speaks so much more than Macbeth, and he is hardly given a chance to speak, but this also shows how she is scheming the murder ‘and you shall put/ This night’s great business into my dispatch’ (line 67) Her highly elaborated and sophisticated language though out the scene is ended with a rhyming couplet, this emphasizes on the great reward which will soon belong to them. For them to become King and Queen ‘which shall to all our nights and days to come, Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom’ (lines 68-69) Over all though out Act 1 scene 5 she shows great infatuation onto carrying out the massacre, the words that she applies into her language are imposing and dignified, to achieve utmost control, which was the basis for her success over persuading Macbeth into committing the murder. The built up to Act 5 Scene 1 is tense and the pressure starts to mount as Macbeth begins to face truth of what is going to happen, but he faces reality through fatality, and after contemplating what he must do, he tells his wife that he will not carry out the murder ‘we will proceed no further in this business’ but to his displeasure, he is once again persuaded to perform the murder execution. The witches also tell Banquo of the fortune he is to achieve, and that his offspring are to become kings. He murdered Duncan in order to make the witches prophecy to come true, but now he plots to murder Banquo and Fleance so that witches promise to Banquo will not come true. Lady Macbeth suffers from a guilty conscience, despite being the main instigator of the murder. The scene begins with her walking in her sleep, and dreams that she and her husband are murdering King Duncan. The difference in her language, from Act 1 Scene 5 can be recognized instantly, you can tell this as she speaks in prose ‘Yet here’s a spot.'(Line 31) The sophisticated vocabulary and grammar are no longer a custom of Lady Macbeth, it is replaced by language which is almost of a childlike simplicity ‘one, two, why, then it’s time to do it’ (line 34) This scene mainly conveys the manifestation of her guilt and how badly she feels about bringing the plan of the murder to this extent. This pushes her limits and certain actions question her sanity, she once again speaks in a child like manner ‘The Thane of Fife had a wife'(line 41). Previously, she was in total control, but now the burden has become too much, she has become a broken woman, this mainly due to the fact that she had to play the role of the man, this can be proved as on several occasions she has had to play this role, for example, when she had to disguise the visions Macbeth was seeing after the death of Banquo. The disturbances in her mind have made her think without order ‘hell is murky! Fie my Lord fie!'(Line 35) and remembrance of the past as she contemplates on what had happened ‘here’s the smell of blood still’ (line 48). As Macbeth and Duncan are two characters who have been the main subjects of Lady Macbeth’s mind, she relieves past conversations that took place (Macbeth talking to King Duncan), ‘To bed, to bed: there’s knocking at the gate’ (line 63). One of the things that she mentioned in her sleep was concerning the ghost of Banquo ‘I tell you again, Banquo’s buried, he cannot come out on’s grave’ (lines 60-61), this was the subject of a past conversation with her husband. The manifestation of her guilt soon becomes an obsession, still in her sleep and unaware of what she is saying and totally senseless. She is still able to speak about reality and what has been going on, she is also able to release her true emotions and express how blameworthy she feels ‘would these hands never be clean?'(Line 42) As Lady Macbeth is in a deranged state of mind, the excuse that she was asleep is valid enough to cover up and hide what she had said throughout the entire period that she was sleep walking ‘To bed, to bed, to bed’ (line 65). Lady Macbeth’s great ability to switch focus, use of impressive words, her controlling and convincing taunts and her authoritative state of mind, somehow fall to pieces, she turns into a broken woman. The tale of Lady Macbeth unfortunately ends tragically, her plans turn to dust, and her life ends in a brutal suicide. As for her husband Macbeth, despite becoming King his rein didn’t last, and he was killed during a battle and Malcolm became king.